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How Computerized Embroidery Machines Work and Their Key Features
The computerized embroidery machine evolved from the computerized sewing machine. For years, the sewing machine industry was dominated by mechanical technology, but since 1975, electronic technology has been integrated, marking the beginning of a new era—electromechanical integration controlled by computers. Computerized sewing machines utilize microprocessors to achieve four-axis CNC control.
How a Computerized Embroidery Machine Works
The computerized embroidery machine evolved from the traditional computerized sewing machine. For years, the sewing machine industry was dominated by mechanical technology—but since 1975, electronic technology has been integrated into the field, marking the transition of sewing machines into a new era of computer-controlled mechatronics.
Computerized sewing machines utilize a microprocessor to achieve four-axis CNC (computer numerical control) functionality. The CNC system precisely controls two stepper motors that drive the X and Y axes, enabling the worktable to move smoothly in a plane. At the same time, it continuously monitors and detects the rotation of the motor responsible for the needle’s up-and-down motion (the spindle motor), ensuring coordinated and precise control over both the X-Y table and the needle’s oscillating movements.
Building on this fundamental principle, modern computerized sewing machines also incorporate advanced features such as thread-break detection and data storage modules, making them not only more stable and reliable but also incredibly convenient to operate.
The computer embroidery machine builds upon the functionality of a computer sewing machine by incorporating embroidery-specific features, while also making appropriate software and hardware modifications to better suit the demands of embroidery work.
Key features of computer embroidery machines
Computerized embroidery machines feature a simple structure, stable operation, versatile functionality, high automation, easy operation, and low noise levels. Figure 1 shows the prototype of the computerized embroidery machine. Its key features are as follows:
a. Excellent Operability The machine largely features keyboard-style controls, and the accompanying software makes embroidery work simple and easy to master. The integration of display devices enhances visual feedback during operation, making it user-friendly even for general operators. Additionally, a long lever switch is conveniently located beneath the worktable, allowing for seamless start-and-stop functionality. The hoop can be manually controlled in any direction, enabling users to effortlessly locate the precise positioning point they need. High- to mid-range models also come equipped with high-speed and low-speed idle modes, ensuring that both re-stitching and positioning tasks are quick, efficient, and highly adaptable.
b. Equipped with powerful editing and storage capabilities, the computer allows the embroidery machine to memorize nearly 100 different stitch patterns, storing over 300,000 stitches in total. Users can also opt for additional expansion configurations as needed to meet diverse requirements. Typically, users can easily edit patterns by scaling, rotating, or combining and splitting them—tailoring each design to perfectly suit the specific needs of embroidery projects. The machine features a built-in soft magnetic disk drive that can directly read binary (DSB), ternary (DST), and Z-ary (DSZ) embroidery files stored on Tajima-format disks, as well as binary, ternary, and Z-ary embroidery patterns from BERNINA FDR-format disk files, loading them into memory. Moreover, the machine enables users to save memory-based patterns back onto disks in binary format for future use.
c. A sophisticated control system, combined with the application of various advanced automatic control technologies, equips the embroidery machine with exceptional speed-regulation performance. The spindle can smoothly adjust its speed between 300 and 650 RPM. Once a particular pattern is completed, the machine automatically repeats the same design at the next designated position, enabling seamless, continuous embroidery. If the embroidered piece extends beyond the stitching area, the machine will automatically halt to prevent damage to the frame. In case of a mechanical malfunction, the operator panel will display a specific error code, promptly alerting the user to the issue. Additionally, during the embroidery process, the machine can automatically perform tasks such as cutting threads, creating hollowed-out designs, detecting thread breaks, providing power-off protection, executing programmed skip-stitch operations, initiating automatic shutdown upon errors, compensating for stitch misalignment, and even supporting repetitive circular embroidery patterns or outputting pre-designed motifs.
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